Global oral health inequalities: task group--periodontal disease.

Periodontal diseases constitute one of the major global oral health burdens, and periodontitis remains a major cause of tooth loss in adults worldwide. The World Health Organization recently reported that severe periodontitis exists in 5-20% of adult populations, and most children and adolescents exhibit signs of gingivitis. Likely reasons to account for these prevalent diseases include genetic, epigenetic, and environmental risk factors, as well as individual and socio-economic determinants. Currently, there are fundamental gaps in knowledge of such fundamental issues as the mechanisms of initiation and progression of periodontal diseases, which are undefined; inability to identify high-risk forms of gingivitis that progress to periodontitis; lack of evidence on how to prevent the diseases effectively; inability to detect disease activity and predict treatment efficacy; and limited information on the effects of integration of periodontal health as a part of the health care program designed to promote general health and prevent chronic diseases. In the present report, 12 basic, translational, and applied research areas have been proposed to address the issue of global periodontal health inequality. We believe that the oral health burden caused by periodontal diseases could be relieved significantly in the near future through an effective global collaboration.published_or_final_versio

Therapeutic effects of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) in laborers with untreated gingivitis

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Presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis in young Chinese adults

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Prediction of channel connectivity and fluvial style in the flood basin successions of the Upper Permian Rangal Coal Measures (Queensland)

Predicting the presence and connectivity of reservoir-quality facies in otherwise mud-prone fluvial overbank successions is important because such sand bodies can potentially provide connectivity between larger neighboring sand bodies. This article addresses minor channelized fluvial elements (crevasse-splay and distributary channels) and attempts to predict the connectivity between such sand bodies in two interseam packages of the Upper Permian Rangal Coal Measures of northeastern Australia. Channel-body percent as measured in well logs was 2% in the upper (Aries-Castor) interseam and 17% in the lower (Castor-Pollux) interseam. Well spacing were too great to allow accurate correlation of channel bodies. The Ob River, Siberia, was used as a modern analog to supply planform geometric measurements of splay and distributary channels so that stochastic modeling of channel bodies was possible. The resulting models demonstrated that (1) channel-body connectivity is more uniform between minor distributary channels than between crevasse-splay channels; (2) relatively good connectivity is seen in proximal positions in splays but decreases distally from the source as channel elements diverge; and (3) connectivity tends to be greater down the axis of splays, with more isolated channel bodies occurring at the margins

Two-timescale stochastic Langevin propagation for classical and quantum optomechanics

Interesting experimental signatures of quantum cavity optomechanics arise because the quantum back-action induces correlations between incident quantum shot noise and the cavity field. While the quantum linear theory of optomechanics (QLT) has provided vital understanding across many experimental platforms, in certain new setups it may be insufficient: analysis in the time domain may be needed, but QLT obtains only spectra in frequency space; and nonlinear behavior may be present. Direct solution of the stochastic equations of motion in time is an alternative, but unfortunately standard methods do not preserve the important optomechanical correlations. We introduce two-timescale stochastic Langevin (T2SL) propagation as an efficient and straightforward method to obtain time traces with the correct correlations. We show that T2SL, in contrast to standard stochastic simulations, can efficiently simulate correlation phenomena such as ponderomotive squeezing and reproduces accurately cavity sideband structures on the scale of the applied quantum noise and even complex features entirely submerged below the quantum shot noise imprecision floor. We investigate nonlinear regimes and find that, where comparison is possible, the method agrees with analytical results obtained with master equations at low temperatures and in perturbative regimes

Immediate versus delayed implant placement after anterior single tooth extraction: the timing randomized controlled clinical trial

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Representações sociais do suicídio na adolescência

Em Portugal, dados recentes da Direção-Geral de Saúde (2013), apontam para um aumento do número de suicídios nos últimos anos e revelam que nos adolescentes o suicídio é a segunda causa de morte. Os comportamentos suicidas nos adolescentes constituem, assim, um importante problema de saúde pública. Face ao exposto, a finalidade deste projeto é conhecer as representações sociais do suicídio juvenil, recolher informações acerca do contacto ou vivência dos adolescentes com o suicídio e as suas opiniões acerca das ajudas disponíveis face à ideação suicida. Foi realizado um estudo exploratório, numa escola do centro do país e a amostra incluiu 82 adolescentes com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e 19 anos que frequentam o ensino secundário. Para a recolha dos dados foi utilizado um questionário aferido e validado para adolescentes - Questionário Suicídio Juvenil – Representações Sociais dos Adolescente (Henriques, Rothes, Vila, Monteiro & Oliveira, 2008). Recorreu-se ao SPSS (IBM 22) com recurso ao teste U de MannWhitney,e ao teste rho de Spearman para o tratamento dos dados. Entre os vários resultados obtidos salienta-se que apesar de em baixa percentagem, existe um número significativo de adolescentes que apresenta ideação suicida e que já tentou o suicídio. Os adolescentes atribuem ao suicídio causas tais como, escape de problemas, bullying, problemas amorosos e fatores biológicos. Verifica-se ainda uma relação entre o contacto com o suicídio e a ideação suicida. Desta forma, realça-se a importância de desenvolver um estudo mais alargado sobre esta problemática e consequentemente a “psicoeducação” acerca do suicídio junto dos adolescentes, adotando-se uma intervenção precoce de forma a promover a saúde mental dos adolescentes.ABSTRACT In Portugal, recent data from the Directorate General of Health (2013), pointing to an increase in the number of suicides in recent years and that reveal in adolescents suicide is the second leading cause of death. The suicidal behaviors in adolescents are, therefore, an important public health problem. In view of the above, the purpose of this project is to understand the social representations of youth suicides, collect information about the contact or experience of adolescents with the suicide and their views about the aid available to suicidal ideation. It was carried out an exploratory study, in a school in the center of the country and the sample included 82 adolescents aged between 14 and 19 years attending secondary education. For the collection of data was used a questionnaire measured and validated for adolescents - Questionnaire Youth Suicides - Social Representations of Adolescent (Henriques, Rothes, Vila, Monteiro & Oliveira, 2008). We used SPSS (IBM 22) using the Mann-Whitney U test, and the test Spearman's rho for the treatment of the data. Between the various results obtained enhance that although in low percentage, there is a significant number of adolescents with suicidal ideation and that already tried to commit suicide. The adolescents attach to suicide causes such as, exhaust problems, bullying, problems loving and biological factors. There is also a relationship between the contact with suicide and suicidal ideation. Thus, enhance the importance of developing a study more extended on this issue and therefore the "psychoeducation" about committing suicide together of adolescents, adopting an early intervention in order to promote the mental health of adolescents

Immediate vs. Delayed Implant Placement after Anterior Single Tooth Extraction: The Timing Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial.

to compare need for bone augmentation, surgical complications, periodontal, radiographic, aesthetic and patient reported outcomes in subjects receiving implant placement at the time of extraction (IMI) or 12 weeks thereafter. METHODS: Subjects requiring single tooth extraction in the anterior and premolar areas were recruited in 7 private practices. Implant position and choice of platform were restoratively driven. Measurements were performed by calibrated and masked examiners. RESULTS: IMI was unfeasible in 7.5% of cases. 124 subjects were randomized. One implant was lost in the IMI group. IMI required bone augmentation in 72% of cases compared with 43.9% for delayed (P=0.01), while wound failure occurred in 26.1% and 5.3% of cases, respectively (P=0.02). At 1 year, IMI had deeper probing depths (4.1±1.2 mm vs. 3.3±1.1 mm, P<0.01). A trend for greater radiographic bone loss was observed at IMI over the initial 3-year period (Ptrend<0.01). Inadequate pink aesthetic scores were obtained in 19% of delayed and in 42% of IMI implant cases (P=0.03). No differences in patient reported outcomes were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate implant placement should not be recommended when aesthetics are important, IMI should be limited to selected cases. Longer follow-up is needed to assess differences in complication rates. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Oral hygiene improvement: a pragmatic approach based upon risk and motivation levels

Good oral hygiene has always been the cornerstone of public and private dental health promotion. However, this has often been based upon incorrect assumptions. The public is not always willing and does not always need to change its oral health behavior to the same extent as that expected by the dental profession. The present commentary emphasizes the need to modify oral hygiene instruction according to specific risk and motivation levels. Dentistry needs to be flexible in accepting new evidence-based modalities of oral health promotion. Dentists, dental hygienists and the entire health care team need to accept that the traditional methods of oral health education are not always effective